The Dutch astronomer Huygens (1629-1695) proposed a wave theory of light. Upon impacting a mirror, the waves are reflected according to the arrival angles, but with each wave turned back to front to produce a reversed image (Figure 4). Young’s double slit experiment shows clearly that light is a wave. Light consists of particles known as photons and matter are made up of particles known as protons, electrons, and neutrons. Huygen, suggested that light wave peaks form surfaces like the layers of an onion. In this theory, light is represented as a spectrum of frequencies, some of which we can see (visible light) and some of which we can't (ultraviolet and infrared light). (In order to observe the wave behavior of light, the slit size and separation should be comparable or smaller than the wavelength of light.) In the seventeenth century two rival theories of the nature of light were proposed, the wave theory and the corpuscular theory. According to Huygen's Wave Theory ; 1) Light travels in form of longitudinal waves with uniform velocity in homogenous medium . Wave-particle duality is a theory which describes that light has both wave and particle nature. Also see: Electromagnetic radiation" I'm going to redirect this stub over to a much more extensive discussion at "Wave-particle duality". The wave theory of light Huygens defined light as a wave, similar to sound or mechanical waves that occur in water. He believed that light was a longitudinal wave, and that this wave was propagated through a material called the 'aether'. On the other hand, Newton affirmed that the light was formed by material particles to which it denominated corpuscles. Let’s understand how the light behaves as a particle and as a wave. Wave theory speculates that a light source emits light waves that spread in all directions. In a vacuum, or other uniform mediums, the light waves are spherical, and these wave surfaces advance or spread out as they travel at the speed of light. Quantum theory describes that matter, and light consists of minute particles that have properties of waves that are associated with them. Light has always aroused the interest and curiosity of the human being. Huygens theory was the successful theory of light wave motion in three dimensions. 3) When light enters our eyes , we get sensation of vision . Huygen's Wave Theory . Wave-Particle Duality of Light. The shape of arriving waves is strongly dependent upon how far the light source is from the mirror. 3) Different Colours of light are due to different wavelengths of corpuscles . The key difference between wave and particle nature of light is that the wave nature of light explains that light can behave as an electromagnetic wave, whereas the particle nature of light explains that light consists of particles called photons. "The wave theory of light is the set of light as an electromagnetic wave. - Wave Theory of Light Overview. Theories of light. 4) A material medium is necessary for propagation .
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