Not all nouns can be modified to become locations in this way, though. You should clean them, “Watu wamekata miti mingi. V: Verb Root. This article examines the role of object marking in relation to definiteness and specificity in Swahili. We use direct object infixes when the direct object of the sentence is clear from the context. ), specific location (The book is right there on the table! Let’s return to our question, “Uko wapi?” and break it down. Finally, a list of sentences that you might need or see often. We must use an indirect object infix whenever a person or animate object is the indirect object of the sentence. English Pronouns Swahili Pronouns; Pronouns: Viwakilishi: I: mimi: you: wewe: he: yeye: she: yeye: we: sisi: they: wao: me: mimi: you: wewe: him: yeye: her: yeye: us: sisi: them: wao: my: yangu: your: yako: his: yake: her: yeye: our: yetu: their: yao: mine: yangu: yours: yako: his: … [1st object pronoun] unaweza kuniambia jina lako? More importantly, the OM occurs with non-specific objects in definite contexts. Going through the whole page should take about 30 min. To negate locatives, we simply attach the negative prefix “ha-” to the subject prefix, just as we do when negating regular verbs. ( Log Out / “Viti hivi ni vichafu sana . Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. That should help with memorization as well as improving your pronunciation. Pronouns. The noun class markers, with completed pronoun, for each class are as follows: *The -po marker is also used for time, as in “when” something did or will happen. The interrogative pronouns are nani (‘who?’) and nini (‘what?’). subject prefix – tense sign – relative – object infix – verb stem – end of verb (for derivates etc) S-T-R-O-V-E Swahili Grammar. Swahili verbs always carry with them the subject (and sometimes the object) and the tense. If we are feeling concise, though, we can use the relative infix within (most) conjugated verbs to create a relative clause, rather that using the relative pronoun. Object Pronouns - Swahili; can you tell me your name? When constructing relative clauses in any other negated tense, we use the long form pronoun: Watoto ambao hawakuenda: Children who did not go, Ndizi ambazo hazitaiva: Bananas which will not ripen, Vitabu ambao havijafundisha: Books which have not taught. Swahili Verb Construction. When negating locatives in the past and future tenses, the rules are similar to negating the (monosyllabic) verb “kuwa.” We keep the infinitive “-ku-” when negating in the past perfect and future tenses, but drop it when negating in the simple past tense: Adamu na Rubeni hawajakuwepo hapa: Adamu and Rubeni have not been here, Machungwa hayatakuwepo mwezi ujao : There won’t be any oranges around here next month, Jembe halikuwepo shambani : The hand hoe was not on the shamba (remember to drop the infinitive -ku-!). yeye: ha ja fika: He has not arrived (yet). There is a key difference between “nyumba” and “nyumbani”–we use “nyumba” to mean only the physical structure of the house, but use “nyumbani” to describe the house as a place. Pronouns. So, in common usage we use -kuwepo for all of the classes of location: general, specific, inside. ), and inside/within (the book is inside the bag!). We will plan them again.”, Nitampa Juma mbegu zake: I will give Juma his seeds, Tuliwauliza maswali mengi: We asked them many questions. I will give you money [2nd object pronoun] nitakupa fedha : she wrote him a letter [3rd object pronoun] alimwandikia barua : they visited her yesterday [3rd object pronoun] walienda kwake jana : can she help us? E: Verb End If you have any question about this course, please email me directly at Swahili Classes. Tunatafuta masoko kwa mazao haya (We are looking for markets for these crops) vs Tutauza mazao haya sokoni kesho (We will sell these crops at the market tomorrow). Our goal is to make this website the best in the world and 100% free. ). Some examples: Tunasoma vitabu ambavyo vinafundisha historia ya Tanzania: We are reading books which teach the history of Tanzania, Wanavuna mazao ambayo walipanda mwezi wa tatu: We are harvesting crops that we planted in March, Anaongea na watu ambao hawajui Kiingereza: He is speaking with people who do not know English, Tunapanga ambapo tutarudi nyumbani: We are planning when we will return home. Uvisafishe”: These chairs are very dirty. You use it when you want to express that something belongs to you but usually it comes before a noun. +255 753 073 780-whatsapp. In nearly all cases, though, we use the specific locative suffix (-po) when describing location in other tenses, and in common speech people tend to say “-kuwepo” rather than “-kuwapo,” slurring the “a” into an “e” sound. Kiswahili Grammar Notes: Pronouns. 18. If Juma were not present, the person would respond “Hayupo”—he is not here. This is a list of pronouns in Swahili. ninyi: ham ja fika: You all have not arrived (yet). human animals, insects, etc. The minimal Swahili conjugated verb includes: subject marker-tense marker-root-mood marker. Ni- prefix stands for the subject "I", the -na- affix stands for "am" showing the tense i.e. Remember that anytime you have a human indirect object in a sentence you must use an object infix. Order of Infixes etc. We cannot, however, use the relative infix within verbs conjugated in the past perfect tense. wewe: hu ja fika: You have not arrived (yet). If you donate to us, we will put the donated money into improving the site even more by adding content and services. We can only use one object infix within a verb, so because we must use the indirect object infix when a person is our indirect object, this takes priority over the direct object infix. Yes, we will harvest it. Menu . The 8th lesson contains the Swahili pronouns including the subject, object and possessive forms. Bound forms (verb prefixes), personal and non-personal. You can also simply click on one of the links below or go back to our Learn Swahili homepage. O: Direct Object Infix. Bound forms (verb prefixes), personal and non-personal. If you have any questions, please contact me using the Swahili contact form on the header above. For nouns that cannot take the suffix “-ni” we use the modifer kwenye to turn those nouns into locations. For example, you might go visit Juma at his home, office, or shamba. ( Log Out / We recommend Swahili Lesson 9. The first is by attaching the suffix “-ni” to the end of the noun: shambani, sokoni, nyumbani. As for the possessive case of the pronoun, it is used differently because it does not have to come before a noun. That way it will be easy for you to see the words when they are separate and when they are in a sentence. In Swahili, we have an all purpose relative pronoun, “amba-,” that we modify according to the noun class of the object(s) being described in the relative clause. Because the locative suffixes themselves are tied to a certain kind of location, they are often used alone, without the location demonstrative. Note that when we use object infixes with monosyllabic verbs, we drop the infinitive -ku-. Nina mashamba matatu (I have 3 shambas) vs Tunaenda shambani sasa (We are going to the shamba now). Let’s start with our “R.” We use the relative infix to create “relative clauses.” In English, we build relative clauses around relative pronouns like: who, whose, whom, that, which, where, and when: The boys who are running, The boat that sails, where we will go, when we will buy.
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